ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this article is to present the preliminary results of a multidisciplinary research project, which focuses on the potential effects of lock-down on intra-family and domestic violence. More specifically, it is a question of considering the effects of confinement on the precipitation of the violent marital bond, in order to consider the difficulties and levers identified by the perpetrators as well as the victims to get out of the violent circularity. Method: Questionnaires were widely distributed on social networks. Some are intended for perpetrators, others for victims. All question the evolution of the marital bond in the test of lock-down and the way in which the subject positions himself in the couple relationship. Interview grids have also been developed. Perpetrators and victims of domestic violence were therefore able to be met in the context of semi-structured interviews aimed at evaluating the impact of confinement on the dynamics of the violent bond between the two partners. Results: The first trends indicate a magnifying effect on the effects of influence in the couple, increasing the expression of violence, whether pre-existing to the lock-down, or revealed by them. The hold in the relationship and the attempt to master the other are, it would seem, to be read from the angle of a counterbalancing of the experience of passivity linked to the fact of feeling "locked in", subject to constraints. imposed spaces. The resources to get out of this violent circle and the process of constraint, do not seem to be able to be mobilized, as if lock-down removed any possibility of seizing the levers likely to stop the violent process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
A majority of patients with sepsis surviving the first days in intensive care units (ICU) enter a state of immunosuppression contributing to their worsening. A novel virotherapy based on the non-propagative Modified Virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the human interleukin-7 (hIL-7) cytokine fused to an Fc fragment, MVA-hIL-7-Fc, was developed and shown to enhance innate and adaptive immunity and confer survival advantages in murine sepsis models. Here, we assessed the capacity of hIL-7-Fc produced by the MVA-hIL-7-Fc to improve ex vivo T lymphocyte functions from ICU patients with sepsis. Primary hepatocytes were transduced with the MVA-hIL-7-Fc or an empty MVA, and cell supernatants containing the secreted hIL-7-Fc were harvested for in vitro and ex vivo studies. Whole blood from ICU patients [septic shock = 15, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) = 30] and healthy donors (n = 36) was collected. STAT5 phosphorylation, cytokine production, and cell proliferation were assessed upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation in presence of MVA-hIL-7-Fc-infected cell supernatants. Cells infected by MVA-hIL-7-Fc produced a dimeric, glycosylated, and biologically active hIL-7-Fc. Cell supernatants containing the expressed hIL-7-Fc triggered the IL-7 pathway in T lymphocytes as evidenced by the increased STAT5 phosphorylation in CD3+ cells from patients and healthy donors. The secreted hIL-7-Fc improved Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and/or Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) productions and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation after TCR stimulation in patients with bacterial and viral sepsis. This study demonstrates the capacity of the novel MVA-hIL-7-Fc-based virotherapy to restore ex vivo T cells immune functions in ICU patients with sepsis and COVID-19, further supporting its clinical development.